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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers disinfectants in the United States because it is responsible for regulating the use and safety of pesticides and substances that can affect environmental health, including disinfectants. Disinfectants are classified as antimicrobial pesticides, and therefore they must undergo rigorous testing to ensure they are effective against specific pathogens and safe for public use. This registration process involves reviewing data on human health and environmental impacts before a disinfectant can be marketed and sold.

In contrast, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees food safety, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) focuses on workplace safety and health regulations; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is primarily dedicated to public health and disease prevention, not the regulation of disinfectants. Each of these organizations has its distinct area of responsibility, highlighting the EPA's unique role in registering disinfectants.